Bipolar Junction Transistor

A Bipolar Junction Transistor (BJT) has three terminals connected to three doped semiconductor regions. In an NPN transistor, a thin and lightly doped P-type base is sandwiched between a heavily doped N-type emitter and another N-type collector; while in a PNP transistor, a thin and lightly doped N-type base is sandwiched between a heavily doped P-type emitter and another P-type collector. In the following we

NPN Transistor

Bipolar junction transistors are of two types mainly. NPN transistor is one of the types of Transistors (BPT). NPN stands for Negative-Positive-Negative configuration. It is the most often used in all type of transistors. Basically, in NPN transistors two n-type (negative) materials dope the single p-type (negative) materials. In simple words, one p-type semiconductor material is

PNP Transistor

The PNP transistor is a mystery to many. But it doesn’t have to be. If you want to design circuits with transistors, it’s really worth knowing about this type of transistor. A PNP transistor will “turn on” when you have a small current running from emitter to base of the transistor. When I say “turn

Junction Field Effect Transistor

The Junction Field Effect Transistor, or JFET, is a voltage controlled three terminal unipolar semiconductor device available in N-channel and P-channel configurations In the Bipolar Junction Transistor  tutorials, we saw that the output Collector current of the transistor is proportional to input current flowing into the Base terminal of the device, thereby making the bipolar transistor a

Mosfet Transistor

The MOSFET (Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect Transistor) transistor is a semiconductor device which is widely used for switching and amplifying electronic signals in the electronic devices.  The MOSFET is a core of integrated circuit and it can be designed and fabricated in a single chip because of these very small sizes.  The MOSFET is

mosfet as a switch

MOSFET’s make very good electronic switches for controlling loads and in CMOS digital circuits as they operate between their cut-off and saturation regions. We saw previously, that the N-channel, Enhancement-mode MOSFET (e-MOSFET) operates using a positive input voltage and has an extremely high input resistance (almost infinite) making it possible to interface with nearly any

Darlington Transistor

The term Darlington transistor is named from its inventor’s name Sidney Darlington. The Darlington transistor is made up of two PNP or NPN BJTs by connecting together. The emitter of the PNP transistor is connected to the base of the other PNP transistor to create a sensitive transistor with high current gain used in many applications where

Transformer Basic

Transformers are electrical devices consisting of two or more coils of wire used to transfer electrical energy by means of a changing magnetic field One of the main reasons that we use alternating AC voltages and currents in our homes and workplace’s is that AC supplies can be easily generated at a convenient voltage, transformed

Potential Transformer

The potential transformer may be defined as an instrument transformer used for the transformation of voltage from a higher value to the lower value. This transformer step down the voltage to a safe limit value which can be easily measured by the ordinary low voltage instrument like a voltmeter, wattmeter and watt-hour meters, etc. The